Andréanne Larouche

Madam Speaker, Procedure · 20 wordsI rise this evening to speak to Bill C‑259, an act to amend the Canada Labour Code regarding fair representation.¹Procedure Thanks · 7 wordsI thank my colleague for tabling it.Thanks Reasoning · 16 wordsWe are debating a fundamental principle of our democracy: the freedom of workers to organize freely. Claims · 62 wordsThis right is not a privilege. It is a right that has been recognized by the courts, by international conventions and by our own laws. When employees choose to join a union, they must be able to do so without intimidation, pressure or interference from their employer. Bill C‑259 would ensure just that. The Bloc Québécois supports the principle of this bill. Procedure · 46 wordsI will start by talking about the importance of unions and why we are talking about them here tonight. I will then talk about the changes set out in Bill C‑259. Lastly, I will talk about Quebec’s progressiveness in this area. First, why are unions important?Procedure Claims · 113 wordsAll too often, we forget everything that unions have helped us achieve. Think of paid leave, annual holidays, pension plans, health and safety protections, parental leave, anti-harassment measures and decent wages. None of that appeared out of thin air. Those gains were achieved thanks to generations of workers who organized collectively. Even today, unions play a vital role. They help reduce inequality. They promote better working conditions. They help to reduce the gender pay gap. They ensure better protection for the most vulnerable workers. According to Statistics Canada, unionized employees, on average, earn more than non-unionized workers in comparable jobs.² Unionized workplaces also have fewer workplace accidents and more prevention measures in place. Procedure · 24 wordsThat is not insignificant. Some might believe that this is not a major issue in federally regulated sectors, but that is not the case.Procedure Claims · 161 wordsFederally regulated sectors include banking, telecommunications, airlines, railways, ports and interprovincial transport.³ More than 900,000 workers are covered by the Canada Labour Code.⁴ Approximately 34% of those workers are covered by a collective agreement.⁵ In certain strategic sectors such as rail transportation or postal services, the unionization rate actually exceeds 70%.⁶ Union independence in these sectors is therefore a major issue. At its core, the bill we are debating this evening is all about company unions. What is a company union? It is a union dominated, controlled or influenced by the employer, a union that no longer truly represents the workers’ interests, a union that essentially becomes an extension of the employer. Historically, this practice has been used to prevent the emergence of bona fide labour organizations. The company would create a fake union, negotiate with that fake union, and then claim that the right to organize was being respected. However, in reality, the workers were losing their genuine bargaining power. Procedure · 6 wordsSecond, what does Bill C‑259 accomplish?Procedure Claims · 51 wordsThe Canada Labour Code already prohibits employer interference, but the current provisions are relatively general. The bill clarifies the rules. It clearly defines employer domination and influence as the employer contributing financially to the union, controlling union leaders, interfering in union elections, ⁷or making promises or threats intended to influence members. Reasoning · 13 wordsIn other words, we are moving from a general principle to concrete criteria. Claims · 39 wordsThe bill also provides for the revocation of certification of an employer-dominated union, the possible nullification of a collective agreement entered into under such conditions, strengthened remedies before the Canada Industrial Relations Board, ⁸and fines of up to $100,000.⁹ Positioning · 5 wordsIt really sets clear guidelines.Positioning Procedure · 10 wordsThird, I want to talk about Quebec as a model.Procedure Claims · 95 wordsQuebec has often been a pioneer in this area. For decades, the Quebec Labour Code has protected union autonomy. Sections 12 and 13 of our labour code explicitly prohibit any form of employer interference in union activities.¹⁰ Quebec also pioneered several major reforms. For example, it banned replacement workers.¹¹ For years, Quebec led the way while Ottawa was slow to act and the Bloc Québécois was calling for action. Even now, the federal government often follows suit on protections already recognized in Quebec. The Bloc Québécois sees Bill C‑259 as yet another example of that. Reasoning · 10 wordsVigilance remains necessary. That is why we need Bill C‑259. Claims · 12 wordsSome might say that company unions are rare today. That may be, Reasoning · 51 wordsbut when it comes to basic freedoms, we must never wait for a problem to become widespread before taking action. As lawmakers, our role is also preventive. We pass laws to prevent abuses. That is exactly what they are for. We pass laws to protect workers before their rights are violated. Claims · 67 wordsThis bill sends a clear message. Employers must negotiate with legitimate worker representatives. They cannot create or control the organizations meant to represent workers. The Bloc Québécois fought for this improvement. However, we believe there is still a blind spot. The problem is the lack of data. The Canada Industrial Relations Board does not produce detailed statistics on specific cases of employer interference or on employer-controlled unions.¹² Reasoning · 24 wordsIf we want to improve the laws in future, we must be able to assess the reality of the situation and properly document cases. The ask · 24 wordsWe therefore hope that more data will be collected and made public. This could certainly be a worthwhile goal to aim for in future. Procedure · 9 wordsIn conclusion, at its core, this debate is simple.Procedure Reasoning · 41 wordsA union must belong to the workers, not the employer. Workers must be able to freely choose their representatives. They must be able to freely negotiate their working conditions. They must be able to defend their interests without fear of reprisal. Positioning · 8 wordsThe Bloc Québécois has always defended workers’ rights.Positioning Claims · 12 wordsWe have done the same with regard to EI and seasonal workers. Promise · 28 wordsI keep saying that the Bloc Québécois will return to the fray with a bill for a comprehensive reform of EI to better protect seasonal workers, amongst others, Claims · 31 wordsbut it is much broader in scope than that. We have also done the same for workers affected by the use of replacement workers, and we continue to monitor that situation.Off pointVague promise Promise · 13 wordsWe will continue to do so because a fairer society means fairer workplaces.Vague promise Reasoning · 18 wordsA healthy democracy requires free and independent labour organizations. In addition, respect for workers should never be negotiable. Claims · 10 wordsThat is why the Bloc Québécois will support Bill C‑259. Procedure · 12 wordsI would like to close with additional statistics on unionization in Quebec.Procedure Claims · 164 wordsQuebec has one of the highest unionization rates in North America. In 2024, 39.2% of Quebec workers were unionized, compared to about 28% in Canada.¹³ More than 1.6 million Quebec workers are covered by a collective agreement.¹⁴ We can see that these numbers and the impact of unions have an effect on wages. According to Statistics Canada, unionized workers earn on average 10% to 15% more than comparable non-unionized workers.¹⁵ The gap is even wider among women, young people, and workers with less education. With regard to inequality, according to the OECD and several academic studies, declining unionization accounts for between 20% and 30% of the increase in wage inequality observed since the 1980s.¹⁶ Highly unionized sectors generally exhibit smaller income gaps, less wage discrimination, and greater access to pension plans. When it comes to health and safety, unionized workplaces report more workplace accidents.¹⁷ Workers in these settings are more likely to have access to joint health and safety committees, training, and grievance procedures. Procedure · 9 wordsHere are a few more statistics to wrap up: ProcedureClaims · 37 wordsBetween 1981 and today, the proportion of unionized workers in the Canadian private sector has fallen by about 40%.¹⁸ Despite this, unions still represent more than four million workers in Canada.¹⁹ That is still a significant number, Reasoning · 10 wordsand that is why we are debating this bill today.