Combatting Hate Act

Bill C-9, Combatting Hate Act · Senate amendments · now law Where it stands

What the law does

The law creates a hate crime offence for breaking federal laws out of hatred based on specified factors. It also makes it an offence to promote hatred by displaying symbols in public, or to intimidate or block people trying to access places used for religious worship or by identifiable groups. In addition, the law removes the requirement for the Attorney General to consent before hate propaganda charges can be laid.

Official text (opens in a new tab)

15 statements

Kevin Lamoureux, Parliamentary Secretary to the Leader of the Government in the House of Commons

Liberal
“I want this bill to pass. We are seeing more racist behaviour and hatred, and this law would help stop it. It would not hurt religious freedoms.”
Official Hansard

Mr. Speaker, the member from the Bloc really elevates the necessity of having legislation of this nature. Sadly, there are too many in society who want to play a destructive role when it comes to racial tensions and behaviours. The hate out there is very tangible. That is one reason I believe it is very important to see this legislation pass. Over the last number of years, I have found there is a certain element of society that has been emboldened, and we are seeing more racist behaviour and hatred out there that is not acceptable. This legislation, I think, would make a difference. My Conservative friends should realize that it would not impact religious freedoms. I wonder if the member can give his thoughts on the religious freedoms issue.

Lori Idlout, Nunavut

Liberal
“I want the member to explain why it is important to have the Attorney General approve hate speech charges before they go to court. I want to know why that kind of oversight matters for this bill.”
Official Hansard

Uqaqtittiji, I am glad that the hon. member mentioned the importance of reinstating the Attorney General’s consent before charges proceed. I wonder if he could explain why that oversight is so important, especially given that we are being told, during these debates, about Conservatives doing this and Liberals doing that. Could he expand on why making sure that there is AG consent is so important and how appropriate oversight is particularly important in this kind of legislation?

Evan Solomon, Minister of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Innovation and Minister responsible for the Federal Economic Development Agency for Southern Ontario

Liberal
“I want the House to pass this bill with the Senate's change. It creates new crimes for showing hate symbols, blocking places of worship, and committing crimes out of hatred. We need this law right now to protect people from rising hate crimes, especially attacks that treat Jewish people badly.”
Official Hansard

Mr. Speaker, I will be sharing my time tonight. I am pleased to rise today to speak to the message from the Senate concerning Bill C-9, the combatting hate act. At the outset, I would like to thank all who have contributed to the development and the study of the legislation: the Minister of Justice, the members of the House and Senate from all parties who participated in the debate, witnesses who appeared before committee, community organizations, faith leaders, legal experts, advocates and Canadians who shared their experiences and perspectives throughout this process. Today we are considering a message from the Senate that includes an amendment to Bill C-9. Our government supports this amendment. I will speak to that shortly. I think we should remember first why the legislation was introduced in the first place. At its core, Bill C-9 is about basic things: protecting all Canadians from hate and making sure that every Canadian has the right to worship in safety, to gather at their community centre in safety, to go to a summer camp that is a religious camp in safety, and to be who they want to be and to worship whom they want in safety. This is a diverse country. In my riding of Toronto Centre, there are people of every different faith and people of different backgrounds, cultures, ethnicities, identities and beliefs, just as there are living together in communities across our nation, and that diversity is to be celebrated. That diversity is our great strength. It strengthens our communities, our economies, our values and our openness. That inclusion is part of who we are, but we have to be candid about what is happening. We have seen a startling crisis of hate, specifically a disproportionate and vicious rise in anti-Semitic attacks in the last two years, specifically targeting the Jewish community, but also all forms of hate. We should name them, and one does not diminish the pain of the other by naming anti-Semitism, by naming Islamophobia, by naming homophobia or by naming anti-Black racism. This does not diminish one or the other or group them together. What it does is identify groups, individuals and families who are experiencing disproportionate hate. Across the country, Canadians are witnessing these attacks against places of worship, threats directed at religious and cultural communities, acts of intimidation, hateful demonstrations and targeted harassment against individuals. The synagogue where I was raised, where I was bar mitzvahed and where I was confirmed, Temple Emanu-el, was shot with 20 bullets through the glass front doors, where I entered and so many families to this day enter in peace. There were people inside. Thank God no one was hurt. In so many synagogues across the country, this is happening. We know this, and it is one of the key reasons for Bill C-9. It is so sad that it is necessary for us to do this in Canada, but it is, and it is for the people who are directly affected. I have spoken to them. I know them. They are members of my own family. These incidents are not simply statistics. People are fearful. They have anxiety. They ask us, as a government, what we are going to do to protect them. They feel vulnerable. They want legislation to protect their community centres, their schools and their places of worship, and we need to make sure not just that they are heard but also that we act on that. That is what the bill is about, because no Canadian needs to live in fear. No Canadian should be intimidated when they are attending a synagogue, a mosque, a church, a temple, a community centre or a cultural gathering where people practice their faith or celebrate their heritage. I was recently in Quebec City with colleagues, and we went to the mosque that was shot up. We met two survivors. They had bullets still in their bodies. They remember that tragic act of Islamophobia, and they live with those wounds. Today it is anti-Semitic attacks on the rise, and that time it was Islamophobic attacks. Sometimes there have been attacks on the 2SLGBTQ community. Just recently it was the moment to mark the anniversary of what happened in the club where so many members of that community were massacred. Bill C-9 responds to these tragic realities. The legislation would create new, important tools within the Criminal Code to address hate-motivated conduct and better protect communities and better protect people, families and kids who are being targeted when they just want to live their life in this great country of ours. Among the measures, the bill would create new offences aimed at preventing the obstruction of access to places primarily used by an identifiable group and preventing intimidation of individuals seeking to access those spaces. If we go to a synagogue today, there are police cars around it. Some hon. members: Oh, oh! Evan Solomon: Mr. Speaker, members of the opposition are chirping about that, but they can come to the synagogue where I was and try chirping, because we are there, there is fear and this bill would stop it. This is not a slogan and this is not something to be divided on and try to score points about. This is about supporting a bill that would protect people and prevent this kind of fear and intimidation. The bill would create new hate-motivated offences that could be applied when a criminal offence is committed that is motivated by hate towards an identifiable group. This reflects the sad reality that hate-motivated crimes do not only harm individual victims; they send a message to the entire community. They create fear, they create intimidation and they create communities that feel targeted. When someone commits a crime motivated by hatred towards a religious group, an ethnic community or another identifiable group, the impact extends beyond the single victim. Bill C-9 recognizes that reality and would ensure that our criminal law reflects the broader harm that hate-motivated crimes can cause. This legislation also addresses the public display of hate symbols used to promote hate, such as the symbols of listed terrorist organizations. These symbols have long been associated with terror and intimidation, persecution and discrimination, and they have been used throughout history to threaten, terrorize and dehumanize. On the purpose of the legislation, let us be clear, and let us not twist it to score a political point. I know that my hon. colleagues in the opposition, in good faith, want to protect Canadians like everyone else. This is not about regulating legitimate debate or limiting legitimate debate. This is not about limiting political disagreement. In fact, we protect that every single day. This is not about limiting academic discussion or religious expression. That is protected. Religious freedom is protected under section 2 of the charter. Canadians remain free to express those views, to disagree with one another and to engage in public discourse. Rather, this legislation is focused on conduct that promotes hatred and seeks to intimidate or target communities, and these are important. The Senate has proposed an amendment to include the noose among the hate symbols captured by legislation. We support this amendment, because at the heart of this, it is not about limiting religious freedoms. We have a protected charter right to practise sincere religious beliefs, but not to invoke hate or incite violence, and the right to be protected in any forum where one is inciting hatred or promoting violence against another identifiable group. Bill C-9 is necessary. Bill C-9 is urgent to protect our citizens, to protect our communities and to protect our schools, and to do it in a very specific manner and a very targeted way so that it does not limit freedom of expression or religious expression, but rather protects communities that are feeling threatened. My hon. colleagues from the opposition say they want to protect all communities. This is their chance to act on it in an expeditious way.

Evan Solomon, Minister of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Innovation and Minister responsible for the Federal Economic Development Agency for Southern Ontario

Liberal
“I want this bill to pass. It creates real laws to protect people at places of worship and schools. It also bans hate symbols in public and helps police stop intimidation at schools, community centres, and places of worship.”
Official Hansard

Mr. Speaker, we should use common sense here. The bill is not just words; it would be a law. This is the most important thing that a government can do, which is to very seriously look at the law and change it to secure citizens where they worship and go to school. On the display of hate symbols, there is a new category as well. This would give police guidance when there is obstruction and intimidation in front of schools, universities, community centres and places of worship. The hon. member knows these are not just mere words. This would be the law.

Guillaume Deschênes-Thériault, Madawaska—Restigouche

Liberal
“Hate crimes are rising, and people should feel safe worshipping and being who they are. I want all parties to work together and pass this bill before the summer.”
Official Hansard

Mr. Speaker, no one should feel unsafe because of who they are, what religion they practise or where they worship. Unfortunately, in Canada, we have seen a rise in hate crimes, and several organizations, including human rights groups, are calling on us to take action. Faced with such a situation, I believe the public expects us to raise the standard of the debate and, as parliamentarians, to work together. I would therefore like to ask my colleague to explain why, as parliamentarians, we should set partisanship aside in such an important debate to ensure that we can pass this significant piece of legislation before Parliament rises for the summer.

Evan Solomon, Minister of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Innovation and Minister responsible for the Federal Economic Development Agency for Southern Ontario

Liberal
“I want the House to pass this bill. It protects communities and places of worship, which is what community leaders are asking for. We should stop dividing people and vote for this protection.”
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Official Hansard

Mr. Speaker, I want to thank the hon. member for his work bringing communities together and keeping them safe. This is an extremely important time for us to have a thorough and fair debate about how we are protecting communities, but it is not the time to invoke more division. It is not the time to stand in the way of the protection laws that the leaders of these communities and the opposition are purporting they want to protect. Bill C-9 is the very thing that communities are asking for, which is laws that protect them and their places of worship and that give police guidelines on how they should protect these communities. This is not the time for more division or to divide one Canadian against another with false ideas of what the bill would do. The bill is clear. It would protect not only freedom of religion but also communities. It is time to vote to protect communities and listen to the community leaders.

Evan Solomon, Minister of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Innovation and Minister responsible for the Federal Economic Development Agency for Southern Ontario

Liberal
“We need new laws to protect Jewish, Muslim, and 2SLGBTQ people. These laws must also protect our rights.”
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Official Hansard

Mr. Speaker, it is always good to hear from my hon. friend in the opposition, who I know has spent a lot of time thinking about the line between security and civil liberties, and the very reason for this chamber is so we can have robust debates about finding exactly where that line is. Sadly, for communities today, for Jews in synagogues, for Muslims in mosques, for the 2SLGBTQ community, too often they are not being protected. We need new laws to do that, laws that are well crafted to protect liberties and protect people.

Natilien Joseph, Longueuil—Saint-Hubert

Liberal
“I want the House to pass this bill. Hate crimes are rising in Canada, and Black Canadians and religious groups are often targeted. This bill makes hate crimes a specific offence and makes it illegal to use hate symbols like a noose to scare people.”
Official Hansard

Mr. Speaker, it is an honour to rise to speak on behalf of the people of Longueuil—Saint‑Hubert. There are days in the House that are full of procedure and routine, and then there are days like this, where Parliament is doing exactly what it was created to do. These are the moments that give true meaning to the office we hold. My colleagues have explained the mechanics of Bill C‑9. I will use my speaking time to address the reality that this bill recognizes. Let us start by stating the obvious: Hate is real in Canada. It exists today, in 2026, in our workplaces, our schools, our places of worship, and our neighbourhoods. Statistics Canada data confirms this year after year: Police-reported hate crimes have risen sharply. Synagogues are being targeted, mosques are being targeted, and people are being singled out because of their background, faith, sexual orientation, or gender identity. Black Canadians are consistently among the groups most affected. I am going to talk about these communities that are being targeted. Black communities have been part of the fabric of this country from the beginning. They have helped to build it, defend it, care for it and educate it. The Haitian community has had roots in Quebec for over 60 years. It has given us doctors and nurses who have kept our health care system afloat. It has given us teachers, entrepreneurs, artists and members of the House of Commons and Quebec National Assembly, and yet these very communities face a dual reality that Parliament must have the courage to acknowledge. Black Canadians are overrepresented in our prisons. Reports from the Office of the Correctional Investigator have been documenting this for years. At the same time, they are also overrepresented among victims: victims of hate crimes, victims of intimidation, victims of acts meant to remind them that they will always be seen as different. Bill C‑9 tells this community and all communities targeted by hate that the law sees when they are targeted. The amendment regarding the noose is the clearest expression of all this. This symbol carries a history of terror that all Black families know without needing to be taught. When it appears on a construction site or in a locker room—and yes, that still happens—its message is instantly understood. Until now, a victim who reported such acts would find themselves thrown into a legal maze. However, from now on, Canadian law will clearly state that using this symbol to intimidate or promote hatred is an offence. Confronting anti-Black hate means naming it. That is exactly what this amendment does. I would like to highlight the fact that this amendment comes from the Senate. It was the senators who listened to their communities, who scrutinized this bill thoroughly and who saw that it could be improved. I thank them. This is our parliamentary system at its best: two chambers working together to produce better legislation. The stand-alone hate crime offence, the heart of the bill from the outset, completes this work. Hate takes forms that leave no visible mark: repeated threats, violence and intimidation. This offence gives the justice system the tools to prosecute these acts for what they are: criminal offences. For victims, no matter which community they belong to, the equation changes. Reporting will be worth it. No single law can resolve decades of inequality on its own, but this law does what it can. It acknowledges suffering that has long gone unnamed, and it tells Black Canadians and Haitian Canadians, as well as all communities affected by hate, that their government sees what they are going through and takes it seriously. There is no room in Canada for symbols that deliberately promote hate. Voting for this bill will be one of my proudest moments in this House. I urge all of my colleagues from every party to do the same.

Natilien Joseph, Longueuil—Saint-Hubert

Liberal
“This bill protects Canadians from hate and intimidation, including Black, Muslim, and Jewish people. Everyone has the right to live safely and in peace.”
Official Hansard

Mr. Speaker, this is a surprising question coming from my colleague, a lawyer. Bill C‑9 is meant precisely to better protect Canadians from hate and intimidation, whether they are Black, Muslim, Jewish or members of any other community. Everyone deserves to be treated with respect, to live in safety and, above all, to have peace and tranquility. That is the law.

Natilien Joseph, Longueuil—Saint-Hubert

Liberal
“I support freedom. It is surprising that the member asks about this when his party wants to remove Quebec from multicultural rules.”
Official Hansard

Mr. Speaker, I thank my colleague for his question. I would say no. I am committed to freedom, full stop. As for freedom of expression, as the saying goes, when one has nothing left to say, one should stop talking. What is more, it is really surprising that my Bloc Québécois colleague is asking me this question when his party recently proposed taking Quebec out of the multiculturalism framework, unless my colleague is at odds with his party.

Kevin Lamoureux, Parliamentary Secretary to the Leader of the Government in the House of Commons

Liberal
“People are spreading false information about this bill. A top lawyer has made it clear that the bill will not hurt religious freedom.”
Official Hansard

Mr. Speaker, I would like to quote Joseph Neuberger, who had an article published in one of our Toronto newspapers. I quote what he said: “I write as a criminal lawyer with more than 32 years of experience, and as the chair of the Canadian Jewish Law Association.” He specifically stated, “Religious freedom in Canada is firmly protected by the Charter. That protection is well established and robust. Bill C-9 does not weaken it.” Would my colleague not agree that there is a great deal of misinformation out there that does a disservice to all Canadians because it is definitely misleading?

Natilien Joseph, Longueuil—Saint-Hubert

Liberal
“Conservatives at our committee say things that divide people. I support freedom of religion and all freedoms, as long as people respect each other, avoid offending anyone, and help society stay united.”
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Official Hansard

Mr. Speaker, I serve on the Standing Committee on Citizenship and Immigration. Sometimes I see what my Conservative colleagues are doing at committee. It is confusing. They say things that really undermine social cohesion. Sometimes, I feel like I am not even in Canada, because Canada is all about freedom of expression. My colleague from the Bloc Québécois just asked me whether I support freedom of religion. Personally, I support all forms of freedom, provided it respects everyone and does not offend anyone, and provided it does not undermine social cohesion.

John-Paul Danko, Hamilton West—Ancaster—Dundas

Liberal
“The member opposite defended the use of the noose as a hate symbol. White supremacists are holding rallies across the country, and that symbol is unacceptable. I want the member to take back those words.”
Official Hansard

Mr. Speaker, I am absolutely beside myself right now. I heard the member opposite defending the use of the noose as a symbol of hatred. It is absolutely disgusting. Withdraw those comments. That is beyond the pale, sir. There are white supremacist rallies in communities across this country, including in Hamilton, and for a member of this legislature to defend the use of a noose as a symbol of hatred is completely unacceptable. Withdraw those comments.

Ruby Sahota, Secretary of State (Combatting Crime)

Liberal
“The member said the noose means something different in Canada than in the United States. A few years ago, nooses were left at Toronto construction sites to scare Black people. I want the member to explain what they think a noose means in Canada.”
Official Hansard

Mr. Speaker, I have a question about the fact that the member just mentioned that the noose has a different definition here in Canada. I would like to know what the member thinks the noose symbolizes here in Canada that is different from the United States. Just a few years ago, in order to intimidate the Black community, nooses were found on several construction sites in Toronto. Do you think that the noose was placed there for a friendly purpose?

Kevin Lamoureux, Parliamentary Secretary to the Leader of the Government in the House of Commons

Liberal
“The Conservatives are spreading false information about this hate crimes bill, both here and on social media.”
Official Hansard

Mr. Speaker, what I find most offensive in regard to Bill C‑9 is the amount of misinformation that is spread, whether it is inside the chamber or outside the chamber. The Conservatives have done this through social media, through literally tens of thousands of—

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